Contents

1. Contents

   1. Contents

   2. Contributors

2. 1. Introduction to Public Speaking

   1. The Benefits of Public Speaking

   2. Understand the Communication Process

   3. Communication Elements for Speeches

   4. The Goals of a Speech

   5. Speech Basics

   6. Learn to Speak Confidently

3. Contents
4. 2. Ethical Speech

   1. Ethics in Public Speaking

   2. Bias and Conflict of Interest

   3. Inclusive Language

   4. Hate Speech / Free Speech

5. 3. Public Speaking in a Diverse World

   1. Every Audience Is Diverse

   2. Cultural Differences and Multicultural Audiences

   3. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Appropriation

   4. Cultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence

6. 4. Public Speaking Online

   1. Public Speaking Online

   2. Verbal and Nonverbal Considerations

   3. Technical Considerations

   4. Webinars and Online Meetings as Public Speaking

7. 5. Listening and Responding

   1. Why Listening Matters

   2. Active Listening

   3. Barriers to Effective Listening

   4. Strategies to Enhance Listening

   5. Purposes and Types of Feedback

   6. Providing Feedback

8. 6. Analyzing your Audience

   1. The Importance of Knowing your Audience and Speaking Situation

   2. Audience Analysis

   3. Methods for Gathering Audience Information

   4. Using your Audience Analysis to Create a Speech

   5. Learning from your Audience During & After your Speech

9. 7. Choosing & Supporting a Topic

   1. Choosing and Narrowing a Speech Topic

   2. Finding the Purpose and Central Idea of Your Speech

   3. Supporting your Central Idea: People

   4. Supporting your Central Idea: Data and Statistics

   5. Supporting your Central Idea: Research

   6. Using Sources in Speeches

10. 8. Organizing and Outlining Your Speech

    1. The Importance of Organization

    2. Organizing Patterns for Speeches

    3. Creating a Speech Outline and Speaking Notes

11. 9. Creating and Using Visual Aids

    1. The Importance of Visual Aids

    2. Types of Visual Aids

    3. Slide Design

    4. Slide Accessibility

12. 10. Refining your Speech

    1. The Importance of Refining Your Speech

    2. Introductions

    3. Conclusions

    4. Transitions

    5. Language and Style

13. 11. Delivering Your Speech

    1. Methods of Speech Delivery

    2. Vocal Aspects of Speech Delivery

    3. Speech Challenges

    4. Nonverbal Aspects of Speech Delivery

    5. Rehearse your Location, Equipment, and Speech

14. 12. Informative Speaking

    1. Informative Speeches: Definition, Examples, Objectives

    2. Types of Informative Speeches

    3. Organizing an Informative Speech

    4. Selecting a Topic and Creating Support for an Informative Speech

    5. Choosing Language for an Informative Speech

15. 13. Persuasive Speaking

    1. Persuasive Speeches: Definition, Examples, Objectives

    2. Supporting your Persuasion: Credibility, Evidence, Logic

    3. Types of Persuasive Speeches

    4. Audience Analysis for Persuasion

    5. Persuasive Strategies: Ethos, Pathos, Logos

    6. Barriers to Persuading an Audience

    7. Organizing a Persuasive Speech

    8. Speaking for Change

16. 14. Special Occasion Speaking

    1. Special Occasion Speeches: Definition, Examples, Objectives

    2. Speeches about You: Self-Introduction

    3. Speeches about Other People: Toasts, Roasts, Eulogies

    4. Speeches for Events: Introductions, Awards, Graduations, & More

    5. Language in Special Occasion Speeches

    6. Humor in Special Occasion Speeches

    7. Preparing and Delivering a Special Occasion Speech

17. 15. Public Speaking on the Job

    1. Presentations

    2. Elevator Pitches

    3. Meetings

    4. Interviews

18. 16. Small Group Communication

    1. Small Group Definition, Types, and Roles

    2. Benefits and Challenges of Small Groups

    3. Group Development, Leadership, and Decision-Making

    4. Small Group Meetings, Discussions, and Presentations

19. 17. A Brief History of Public Speaking

    1. Evolution of Public Speaking

    2. Rhetoric in the Ancient World

    3. Public Speaking, Medieval to Modern

    4. Public Speaking and Social Movements in the United States 1730–1900

    5. Public Speaking and Social Movements in the United States 1900–Present

20. 18. Citing Sources

    1. Verbal Citations

    2. APA References

    3. MLA Works Cited